Big Data Assignment 4: Complexity & Metrics

1. Identify complex systems in daily life that can be managed by a computational system (e.g. information system, DSS, ERP, etc)

The picture above is one example of complex systems in daily life that can be managed and the picture explains the payroll information of a company ranging from employees, directors, and personnel into an information system and further divided into data flows such as the picture above. An arrow indicates the relationship between the actor and the system that will govern it.

Examples of DDS in business that we meet every day to increase the productivity of 3-star hotels in Surabaya using AHP and OMAX productivity or comparison between input and output is one of the tools that influence the determination of profitability and competitiveness in a company. Hotels need to measure work productivity in order to survive and compete in efficiency and effectiveness with other hotels. Based on the problems faced, it is necessary to have a system that can help in measuring work productivity from existing departments. The application of the system is a DSS application using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for weighting and Objectives Matrix (OMAX) for productivity measurement. The results of the application made are in the form of information about what criteria affect the performance of the hotel.

2. Differentiate between 4 types of problem contexts.

Cynefin Framework is basically identifying problems based on the relationship between cause and effect. The problem is an effect, so based on the relationship with the root of the problem/cause, here are 4 types of problems based on Cynefin Framework.

• Simple context. This problem is defined as a problem whose relationship between cause and effect is very clear and tight. Sources of knowledge are everywhere and can be done by anyone. To overcome it does not require meticulous analysis and thinking. The approach taken is Sense--> Categorize--> Respond. Also, the estimated time needed is also easily calculated. You can estimate whether this will be completed 1 hour, 1 day or 1 week. 

• Complicated context. This type of problem is defined as a problem whose relationship between causes and effect is unclear. So to find out the cause, further investigation is needed, further analysis is needed. The cause/root of the problem can be more than one possibility and can be interrelated. Sources of knowledge are available and can be taught. Because it requires inspection and analysis, the approach taken is Sense--> Analyze--> Respond. The estimated time for this type of problem is rather difficult to calculate. We can only estimate based on the maximum time we have ever done before. Maybe between 1 day or 2 days. It may also be 1 week to 2 weeks. 

• Complex context. This type of problem is defined as a problem whose relationship between cause and effect is unclear. So to overcome it requires reflection, contemplation, asceticism, seeking guidance, asking for enlightenment. Knowledge sources may be available but are very limited. Because it requires contemplation, the approach taken is Probe--> Sense--> Respond. Also, the estimated time for this type of problem is very difficult to calculate. We cannot predict when the problem will be solved. If it works, we will let you know. When it’s done, it’s done. But if it doesn't work, then try again. 

• Chaos context. This type of problem is defined as a problem that has no relationship between cause and effect. So as to overcome it not by thinking or contemplation. But immediately act without much thought. The approach taken is Act--> Sense--> Respond, that is, we act first and then see the situation can only make decisions. If you think about it first, it will break down first. For this type of problem, there is Novel Practice, which is improvising, doing something new, strange or foreign. The estimated time will also not be measured. 

3. Case Study of Mc Donald manage their big data

Case: Mc Donald not only provides chicken menus for his customers. But also provides a variety of new and unique menus in the world. With over 37.000 worldwide locations, daily customer traffic of over 60 million people, and sales of more than 75 hamburgers every second. Customers also can buy in Mc Donald by dining in, drive-thru, and take away.

Mc Donald can manage the data using big data. Based on my opinion Mc Donald case study company is included in the simple context because the cause and effect are clear.

• Sense: the situation in Mc Donald drive-thru experience. McDonald's drive-thru transactions took an average of 189.5 seconds from order to pick-up.
• Categorize: By knowing three different factors: design of the drive-thru, information that is provided to the customer during the drive-thru and the people waiting in line to order at a drive-thru, McDonald's are more able to create a more enjoyable drive-thru experience.
• Respond: knowing what times of day customers are more likely to go through a drive-thru ( help McDonald prepare and improve efficiency for the spike in demand ahead of time); Finding the optimal solutions for the design, information and people is an ongoing process that changes over time, context and cultures; McDonalds collects includes in-store traffic, customer interactions, flow through in the drive-thru’s, ordering patterns, point-of-sales data, video data and sensor data. These factors impact every part of the McDonalds empire from refining their menu design to optimising their training programmes.

4. Number of the component in the system to identify size or space
Stakeholders: employees, customers, suppliers, environment, investors, government
Software: Apps called McDelivery Indonesia (can order from this apps)
Storage: Each branch of McD have storage to put all of the ingredients (food and beverages)

5. Length of time (Data timeline and process length of McD)

• Customer come and order to the cashier (2-3 minutes)
• Cashier get the order data from customer.
• Payment from customer to the cashier (2-3 minutes)
• Cashier will give the data order to cook depends on the customer wants (5-15 minutes)
• The waiters also the person who cook, serve the order on the tray and make sure all order is complete (2-3 minutes)

The duration of order in McD takes 11-23 minutes and the data move from customer to the cashier and then from cashier to the waiters and the last is from waiters to the customer.